Archive for the ‘Retirement’ Category

Retirement Planning: SEP IRAs

Tuesday, June 20th, 2006

SEP (simplified employee pension) IRAs is a form of IRA that acts as a low-cost pension plan for small businesses.

Important Information:

  • All contributions made under a SEP are employer contributions–not employee
  • Not required to make contributions each year
  • SEP-IRAs of all participants must get contributions (you cannot pick and choose)
  • Employers can deduct the contributions on their tax return
  • Sole proprietors, Partnerships, Corporations can all participate
  • Employee owns 100% of contributions to SEP
  • Contributions the employee’s SEP-IRA cannot exceed the lesser of:
    • 25% of a participant’s compensation or
    • An annual dollar limit.

Company Stock in Your 401k

Sunday, June 11th, 2006

Rule #1 of Investing is to be diversified. However, millions of employees who have the option of owning their company’s stock in their 401k do own the company’s stock. That is not a problem–the problem lies in the fact that they mistakenly believe that owning their company’s stock is a safe way to invest a major portion of your 401k.

After the scandals of 2001-2002 (see Enron, et al), many were hoping that investors learned their lesson vicariously through other peoples’ misery. However, 4-5 years later people have not learned that lesson and continue to expose themselves and their families to an extraordinary amount of risk in their 401k portfolio. So if you do have company stock in your 401k be aware that if your company is under scrutiny of the SEC or the investing community for fraud, or even worse allegations, you could see your 401k’s balance go from a healthy amount to you putting off retirement for a few extra years because your balance has plummeted.

I bought Enron stock on the way down before all the facts came out of their malfaesance. I bought it at around $9.00 and rode it all the way to $0.22. Luckily, I did not have a lot of money invested in Enron. I learned my lesson not to buy into a stock that the bottom is falling out of (there is a reason the bottom is falling out). Hopefully, with this information you will be prepared to diversify your 401k portfolio and not put all your faith in your company’s stock to lower risk in your 401k.

Roth IRA for College Savings?

Saturday, June 10th, 2006

Many people do not consider a Roth IRA when they are saving for college. However, the Roth IRA is an excellent option. Once you have funded your 401k up to the company matching contribution, you should open a Roth IRA. Because it is a Roth IRA you can take out contributions at any time without penalty because you have already paid taxes on that income. Even better is that your can withdraw any earnings made within the Roth IRA without penalty as long as those funds are used for education.

Elligibility:

  • Married income under $160,000; if single income under $110,000.

IRA: Tax Free Bonds and Annuity?

Saturday, June 3rd, 2006

Never:

  1. Buy a tax free bond (e.g. municipal bond) in any retirement account. You receive no benefit from the tax-free part of the investment. If you have someone recommending this run far away from them.
  2. Buy an annuity in any retirement account. See number 1.

Word to the wise. Municipal bonds are typically a good investment for those that are in very high tax brackets because they avoid paying federal taxes (sometimes, state and local taxes as well) on the profits.

401k Investment Strategies

Monday, May 29th, 2006

Rule #1 of investing in a 401k is to invest at least up to the level your company matches because it is free money. So if your company matches dollar for dollar up to a 5% contribution and you contribute that 5% of your salary (e.g. 5% of 100,000=$5,000). In that example you would have an extra $5,000 in your 401k at that company.

Caveats:

  1. Your company might not vest 100% of that matched funds to you right away. They might have a schedule of tenure you must hit before you can be the outright owner of the money the company matched.
  2. Your company might provide stock as a match. Be careful: you must diversify your portfolio or you could be another victim of an Enron situation where many employees had all of their 401k investment in Enron stock and lost their retirement money as the stock price plunged.

After you have hit the company match level and you want to put more towards retirement you should take the excess and open a Roth IRA. Here you will have endless choices of what to invest your money in and it will be after-tax investments with the ability to withdrawal contributions (not profits) tax-free at any time.

Retirement Investing versus Outside Retirement Investing

Wednesday, May 24th, 2006

Retirement investing and investing outside of retirement are two different investment approaches. With retirement accounts like your 401ks, Roth IRA, traditional IRAs, Simple IRA, Keogh, etc. you need to look at the big picture and long-term in order to hit your retirement funding goals. Now investing an extra $5,000 you have to make a profit works a little bit different. You have to answer some questions about your goals before making investment decisions. With this money are your goals short-term or long-term? Is this mad money that you can speculate with? Will you need that $5,000 in the future for an upcoming expense? These answers will take you down different paths to investing that money. Open an account at an online discount brokerage firm if you do not already have one. Check their fees that go along with each type of transaction (Remember that if you are going to put this money in mutual funds go directly to that fund to invest so you can save some money). Decide if you want bonds, mutual funds, stocks, etc or a combination thereof. Remember it is always best to be diversified so if this is not mad money please diversify. If it is mad money you still need to be smart—just do not pick an investment because you think it will do well; pick one because you researched it and the signs point to it doing well.

Retirement Calculator

Tuesday, May 23rd, 2006

We have discussed the Rule of 72 in the past. Take 72 and divide it by the rate of interest of profits a security makes and you will know how long it takes to double. Now when thinking about retirement take calculators like www.bloomberg.com’s to figure out your road to retirement. This is only a path to retirement, but you must stick to your plan to make the numbers in the retirement calculator a realtity.

Roth IRAs for Minors?

Wednesday, May 10th, 2006

Traditional IRAs usually are not very useful for a minor to take part in because there is often little tax advantage. However, Roth IRA for a minor can be very useful. There’s no minimum age to set up a Roth IRA, and many IRA providers will accept accounts for minors, but some will not. Therefore, if you are interested in starting a Roth IRA for minor find out if the provider you want to use offers this service (go directly to mutual funds because they often allow minors to hold Roth IRAs with them).

Think compounding interest.

The child or the parent can contribute to this Roth IRA for the minor. Remember if it is in the child’s Roth IRA account once the minor is no longer a minor he or she can do whatever they choose with that money.

The major impediment to Roth IRAs for children is the earned income requirement.
Your child has to have the kind of income that would call for a tax payment if the amount were large enough.
Example: Your child makes $3,000 at Wal-Mart during the summer. No tax is due on this $3,000 and the sole purpose to file an income tax return is to get a refund of possible withholding. However, the minor can invest in a Roth IRA because the earnings are taxable compensation income.

Consider the pros and cons for starting a Roth IRA for a minor. Teaching a child about finance and saving is always a great idea so they can be financially knowledgeable when they are on their own.

401k Tips When Switching Jobs

Thursday, May 4th, 2006

There are a few options of what to do with your 401k when leaving a job.

1. Roll-over your 401k into an IRA

  • If you want to consolidate accounts and possibly save money on fees
  • It must be rolled over into an IRA (not Roth–but later can be converted to Roth is your adjusted gross income is less than $100,000)

2. Remain with the 401k at your work

  • If your old employer has a good 401k plan with good, low-cost investment choices
  • If your new employer does not have a 401k plan or has a worse plan than the job you are leaving
  • Confirm that you still have the same 401k previledges as when you were employed with your old employer
    • If the value of your 401k is under $5,000 you can be taken out of the 401k–if so then follow option 1 or 3

3. Roll-over to my new employer’s 401k

  • If your new employer has a great 401k plan with good services
    • You will probably pay less in fees with this 401k than rolling it an IRA

How to Do an IRA Rollover

Sunday, April 30th, 2006
  • Never have your old employer send you your 401k money directly for you to roll over
  • Always open an IRA account somewhere(discount brokerage house preferably) and have them contact your old employer and your old employer sends your 401k money directly to your discount brokerage house (e.g. TD Ameritrade, Scottrade.com, or Muriel Siebert)
  • If you do not do this you will lose 20% of that 401k money to withholding and pay and extra 10% penalty for early withdrawal (if you are not of age to withdrawal).